Paired Before-and-After Change Calculator
Summarize within-pair changes without losing the matching of observations.
Your result
MATHEnter your values and select calculate.
On this page How it works & practical examples
How to use the Paired Before-and-After Change Calculator
Enter one matched before-and-after record per row. Positive change means after exceeds before; the tool also reports the sample standard deviation of changes when at least two pairs exist.
The calculation
Worked example
Changes 2,5,3 from the example pairs have mean change 3.3333.
Assumptions and limits
No causal effect, confidence interval or percentage change is inferred. Pairing must be valid, and missing values must be handled before entering the data.
Common questions
Which inputs should I use?
Enter one matched before-and-after record per row. Positive change means after exceeds before; the tool also reports the sample standard deviation of changes when at least two pairs exist.
What does the result exclude?
No causal effect, confidence interval or percentage change is inferred. Pairing must be valid, and missing values must be handled before entering the data.